SOME & ANY

SOME & ANY

MAIN USES OF SOME AND ANY
SOME	affirmative sentences	ü  There are some books on the shelf. Hay (algunos) libros en la estantería.
	interrogative sentences (requests & invitations)	ü  May I have some tea? ¿Puedo tomar (un poco de) té?
ANY	negative sentences	ü  There isn’t any coffee. No hay café.
	interrogative sentences (general questions)	ü  Are there any cigarettes? ¿Hay cigarrillos?

	UNCOUNTABLE NOUN	COUNTABLE / PLURAL
SOME / ANY +	SINGULAR VERB ü  There’s some sugar in the bowl. ü  There isn’t any sugar in the bowl.	PLURAL VERB + PLURAL NOUN ü  There are some chairs in the room. ü  Are there any chairs?

§  Compounds of some and any.

	PEOPLE	THINGS
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES	somebody / someone (alguien) ü  There’s somebody/someone in the garden.	something (algo) ü  There’s something in the garden.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES	anybody / anyone (nadie) ü  There isn’t anybody/anyone in the garden.	anything (nada) ü  There isn’t anything in the garden.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES	anybody / anyone (¿alguien?) ü  Is there anybody/anyone in the garden?	anything (¿algo?) ü  Is there anything in the garden?

Watch Out! All these compound expressions are followed by a verb in the singular form:

ü  Somebody is, something is, etc…

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

EQUALITY (tan…como)
1. as + ADJECTIVE + as ü  He is as tall as me (you/him/her/it/us/you/them)*. 2. (not) as / so + ADJECTIVE + as ü  He is not as/so tall as me.
INFERIORITY (menos…que)
1. less + ADJECTIVE + than ü  He is less tall than me.
SUPERIORITY (más…que / el más…)
ADJECTIVE	ABSOLUTE	COMPARATIVE (más…que)	SUPERLATIVE** (el más…)
1 SYLLABLE OR 2 SYLLABLES ENDING IN  –y	tall hot (ending in C-V-C) happy	taller               (than…)              hotter              (than…) happier           (than…)	the tallest the hottest the happiest
2 SYLLABLES NOT ENDING IN –y AND           3 SYLLABLES,                  4 SYLLABLES, etc.	famous intelligent	more famous     (than…) more intelligent  (than…)	the most famous the most intelligent

*NOTE: After the second as, the following forms are acceptable:

1.     the object pronoun:

ü  He is as tall as her.

2.    the subject pronoun with the auxiliary verb in the corresponding person:

ü  He is as tall as she is.

ü 
He has as much money as she does.

** NOTE: With the superlative, we use the preposition in (also at / on) when it is a question of location or there is a collective noun (family, government, team, company…). However, if location is not referred to, then of is used:

LOCATION AND COLLECTIVE NOUNS

ü  He is the best student in the class.

ü  He is the best student in the world.

ü  He is the best student on Earth.

ü  He is the best student at home.

ü  He is the best student in the family.

REST OF CASES

ü  The best of his books. 

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES
ABSOLUTE	COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY	SUPERLATIVE
good (bueno)	better	the best
bad (malo)	worse	the worst
much (mucho: uncountable) many (muchos: countable)	more	the most
little (poco: uncountable) few (pocos: countable)	less	the least
old (viejo)	older	the oldest
far (lejos)	further	the furthest